Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food, for transport, as a defensive measure, as a source of hydro power to drive machinery, for bathing, and as a means of disposing of waste.
Rivers have been used for navigation for thousands of years.
The earliest evidence of navigation is found in the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed in northwestern Pakistan around 3300 BC.
Rivers navigation provides a cheap means of transport, and is still used extensively on most major rivers of the world like the Amazon, the Ganges, the Nile, the Mississippi, and the Indus. Since river boats are often not regulated, they contribute a large amount to global greenhouse gas emissions, and to local cancer due to inhaling of particulates emitted by the transports.
Fast flowing rivers and waterfalls are widely used as sources of energy, via watermills and hydroelectric plants. Evidence of watermills shows them in use for many hundreds of years Rivers have been a source of food since Pre-history. They can provide a rich source of fish and other edible aquatic life, and are a major source of fresh water, which can be used for drinking and irrigation.
Rivers also provide an easy means of disposing of waste-water and, in much of the less developed world, other wastes.
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